"Civil" cases are those that take place in court and include disagreements between people or businesses over money or some violation of personal rights. Typically, a civil case starts with one party (referred to as the "plaintiff") alleging harm from the activities of another party (referred to as the "defendant") (called the "defendant"). A "complaint," a written statement of the plaintiff's facts and legal theories along with a request for relief, is how a court lawsuit is initiated. Once the facts of the case have been established (i.e., what actually occurred), a judge or jury will then apply the pertinent legislation to those facts. The judge or jury will render a final "judgement" (also known as a "decision" or "order") and determine what legal ramifications result from the parties' conduct based on their evaluation of the law and the facts.
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